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{"id":502,"date":"2010-07-26T15:06:21","date_gmt":"2010-07-26T18:06:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cimento.org\/?p=502"},"modified":"2014-08-12T09:46:42","modified_gmt":"2014-08-12T12:46:42","slug":"radier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cimento.org\/radier\/","title":{"rendered":"radier"},"content":{"rendered":"
Este folheto, desenvolvido e produzido sob orienta\u00e7\u00e3o da\u00a0ABCP – Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Cimento Portland<\/strong>\u00a0fornece informa\u00e7\u00f5es \u00fateis para orient\u00e1-lo na constru\u00e7\u00e3o ou reforma de sua casa. Qualquer constru\u00e7\u00e3o ou reforma exige a participa\u00e7\u00e3o de um profissional habilitado, respons\u00e1vel pelo projeto e pela execu\u00e7\u00e3o da obra. Procure a Prefeitura de sua cidade e\/ou o CREA, para obter mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es a respeito.<\/p>\n
FUNDA\u00c7\u00c3O<\/strong> \nA funda\u00e7\u00e3o ou alicerce serve para apoiar a casa no terreno. A funda\u00e7\u00e3o depende do tipo de solo do seu terreno. Uma sondagem permite saber qual \u00e9 a funda\u00e7\u00e3o mais indicada. Existem firmas especializadas em sondagens de solos. Mas a melhor dica \u00e9 consultar os vizinhos para saber como foram feitas as funda\u00e7\u00f5es das casas pr\u00f3ximas. \n<\/em><\/p>\n
A constru\u00e7\u00e3o de uma edifica\u00e7\u00e3o come\u00e7a pela sondagem do terreno sobre o qual ela ser\u00e1 erguida. A sondagem, uma esp\u00e9cie de radiografia do terreno, identifica as camadas do solo e sua resist\u00eancia, al\u00e9m de detectar a presen\u00e7a do len\u00e7ol fre\u00e1tico (\u00e1gua), informa\u00e7\u00f5es fundamentais para que o calculista projete adequadamente as funda\u00e7\u00f5es. \nEssas devem alcan\u00e7ar a camada de solo de resist\u00eancia m\u00e9dia. Se essa camada surgir at\u00e9 1,5m de profundidade, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel utilizar funda\u00e7\u00e3o direta, cujos principais tipos s\u00e3o: \n\u2022\u00a0sapata isolada<\/strong>: recomendada para casas com qualquer n\u00famero de pavimentos, suporta o peso concentrado de pilares. O elo entre ela e as paredes \u00e9 a viga baldrame; \n\u2022 sapata corrida<\/strong>: acompanha as paredes da casa, e \u00e9 indicada para solos resistentes e constru\u00e7\u00f5es com paredes portantes, que dispensam pilares e vigas. A carga \u00e9 distribu\u00edda uniformemente ao longo das paredes; \n<\/em><\/p>\n
Radier<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u2022 laje radier<\/strong>: a rigor, este tipo, com cerca de 1,5m de espessura, s\u00f3 \u00e9 utilizado em grandes obras. Por\u00e9m, \u00e9 comum chamar de radier uma laje mais fina, com \u00b1 12cm, colocada imediatamente abaixo da superf\u00edcie de solos firmes, ou uma funda\u00e7\u00e3o usada em solos pouco resistentes, como argilas org\u00e2nicas ou areias fofas. Retira-se o solo e faz-se uma caixa \u00f4ca de 2m de espessura de concreto armado, onde se ap\u00f3ia a casa.<\/p>\n
Normalmente n\u00e3o se usam funda\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes em uma mesma obra, mas, dependendo das condi\u00e7\u00f5es do terreno, pode-se recorrer a este tipo de solu\u00e7\u00e3o mista.<\/p>\n